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Form 1120 报税表详解

写给中国创始人的 C-Corp 报税指南

Form 1120 是美国 C-Corp 每年必须提交的联邦企业所得税申报表,共 6 页,包含收入、扣除、税额计算、资产负债表等多个部分。 本指南用中文逐行拆解每一项,帮你理解这份复杂的税表。

将鼠标悬停在税表中的任意一行或字段上,即可查看中文解释。科技/SaaS 公司重点关注
Form1120Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return

For calendar year 2025 or tax year beginning ______, 2025, ending ______, 20__

Go to www.irs.gov/Form1120 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-01232025
A Check if:
1a Consolidated return
b Life/nonlife consol.
2 Personal holding co.
3 Personal service corp.
4 Schedule M-3 attached
Name
B Employer identification number
Number and street. If a P.O. box, see instructions.
Room or suite no.
C Date incorporated
City or town
State or province
Country
ZIP or foreign postal code
D Total assets (see instructions)
$
E Check if:(1) ☐ Initial return(2) ☐ Final return(3) ☐ Name change(4) ☐ Address change
Income
1aGross receipts or sales1a
bReturns and allowances1b
cBalance. Subtract line 1b from line 1a1c
2Cost of goods sold (attach Form 1125-A)2
3Gross profit. Subtract line 2 from line 1c3
4Dividends and inclusions (Schedule C, line 23)4
5Interest5
6Gross rents6
7Gross royalties7
8Capital gain net income (attach Schedule D (Form 1120))8
9Net gain or (loss) from Form 4797, Part II, line 17 (attach Form 4797)9
10Other income (see instructions—attach statement)10
11Total income. Add lines 3 through 1011
Deductions (See instructions for limitations on deductions.)
12Compensation of officers (see instructions—attach Form 1125-E)12
13Salaries and wages (less employment credits)13
14Repairs and maintenance14
15Bad debts15
16Rents16
17Taxes and licenses17
18Interest (see instructions)18
19Charitable contributions19
20Depreciation from Form 4562 not claimed on Form 1125-A or elsewhere on return (attach Form 4562)20
21Depletion21
22Advertising22
23Pension, profit-sharing, etc., plans23
24Employee benefit programs24
25Energy efficient commercial buildings deduction (attach Form 7205)25
26Other deductions (attach statement)26
27Total deductions. Add lines 12 through 2627
Tax, Refundable Credits, and Payments
28Taxable income before net operating loss deduction and special deductions. Subtract line 27 from line 11.28
29aNet operating loss deduction (see instructions)29a
bSpecial deductions (Schedule C, line 24)29b
cAdd lines 29a and 29b29c
30Taxable income. Subtract line 29c from line 28. See instructions30
31Total tax (Schedule J, line 12)31
32First installment of section 1062 applicable net tax liability. Enter amount from Form 1062, line 1532
33Total payments, credits, and section 1062 applicable net tax liability (Schedule J, line 23)33
34Estimated tax penalty. See instructions. Check if Form 2220 is attached34
35Amount owed. If line 33 is smaller than the total of lines 31, 32, and 34, enter amount owed35
36Overpayment. If line 33 is larger than the total of lines 31, 32, and 34, enter amount overpaid36
37Enter amount from line 36 you want: a Credited to 2026 estimated tax …… b Refunded37

Sign Here — Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this return, including accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is true, correct, and complete.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see separate instructions.Cat. No. 11450QForm 1120 (2025)
Form 1120 (2025)Page 2

Schedule CDividends, Inclusions, and Special Deductions (see instructions)

#Description(a) Dividends & inclusions(b) %(c) Special deductions
1Dividends from less-than-20%-owned domestic corporations (other than debt-financed stock)c1
2Dividends from 20%-or-more-owned domestic corporations (other than debt-financed stock)c2
3Dividends on certain debt-financed stock of domestic and foreign corporationsc3
4Dividends on certain preferred stock of less-than-20%-owned public utilitiesc4
5Dividends on certain preferred stock of 20%-or-more-owned public utilitiesc5
6Dividends from less-than-20%-owned foreign corporations and certain FSCsc6
7Dividends from 20%-or-more-owned foreign corporations and certain FSCsc7
8Dividends from wholly owned foreign subsidiariesc8
9Subtotal. Add lines 1 through 8. See instructions for limitationsc9
10Dividends from domestic corporations received by a small business investment company operating under the Small Business Investment Act of 1958c10
11Dividends from affiliated group membersc11
12Dividends from certain FSCsc12
13Foreign-source portion of dividends received from a specified 10%-owned foreign corporation (excluding hybrid dividends) (see instructions)c13
14Dividends from foreign corporations not included on line 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, or 13 (including any hybrid dividends)c14
15Reserved for future usec15
16aSubpart F inclusions derived from the sale by a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) of the stock of a lower-tier foreign corporation treated as a dividend (attach Form(s) 5471) (see instructions)c16a
bSubpart F inclusions derived from hybrid dividends of tiered corporations (attach Form(s) 5471) (see instructions)c16b
cOther inclusions from CFCs under subpart F not included on line 16a, 16b, or 17 (attach Form(s) 5471) (see instructions)c16c
17Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) (attach Form(s) 5471 and Form 8992)c17
18Gross-up for foreign taxes deemed paidc18
19IC-DISC and former DISC dividends not included on line 1, 2, or 3c19
20Other dividendsc20
21Deduction for dividends paid on certain preferred stock of public utilitiesc21
22Section 250 deduction (attach Form 8993) (see instructions for limitations)c22
23Total dividends and inclusions. Add column (a), lines 9 through 20. Enter here and on page 1, line 4c23
24Total special deductions. Add column (c), lines 9 through 22. Enter here and on page 1, line 29bc24
Form 1120 (2025)
Form 1120 (2025)Page 3

Schedule JTax Computation and Payment (see instructions)

1aIncome tax (see instructions)j1a
bTax from Form 1120-L (see instructions)j1b
cSection 1291 tax from Form 8621j1c
dTax adjustment from Form 8978j1d
eAdditional tax under section 197(f)j1e
fBase erosion minimum tax from Form 8991j1f
gAmount from Form 4255, Part I, line 3, column (q)j1g
zOther chapter 1 taxj1z
2Total income tax. Add lines 1a through 1zj2
3Corporate alternative minimum tax from Form 4626, Part II, line 13 (attach Form 4626)j3
4Add lines 2 and 3j4
5aForeign tax credit (attach Form 1118)j5a
bCredit from Form 8834 (see instructions)j5b
cGeneral business credit (see instructions—attach Form 3800)j5c
dCredit for prior year minimum tax (attach Form 8827)j5d
eBond credits from Form 8912j5e
fAdjustment from Form 8978j5f
6Total credits. Add lines 5a through 5fj6
7Subtract line 6 from line 4j7
8Personal holding company tax (attach Schedule PH (Form 1120))j8
9aAmount from Form 4255, Part I, line 3, column (r)j9a
bRecapture of low-income housing credit (attach Form 8611)j9b
cCompleted long-term contract look-back interest due (attach Form 8697)j9c
dInterest due under the look-back method—income forecast method (attach Form 8866)j9d
eAlternative tax on qualifying shipping activities (attach Form 8902)j9e
fInterest/tax due under section 453A(c)j9f
gInterest/tax due under section 453(l)j9g
zOther (see instructions—attach statement)j9z
10Total. Add lines 9a through 9zj10
11aTotal tax before deferred taxes. Add lines 7, 8, and 10j11a
bDeferred tax on the corporation’s share of undistributed earnings of a qualified electing fundj11b
cDeferred LIFO recapture tax (section 1363(d))j11c
12Total tax. Subtract the sum of lines 11b and 11c from 11a. Enter here and on page 1, line 31j12
13Preceding year’s overpayment credited to the current yearj13
14Current year’s estimated tax paymentsj14
15Current year’s refund applied for on Form 4466j15
16Reserved for future usej16
17Tax deposited with Form 7004j17
18Withholding (see instructions)j18
19Total payments. Combine lines 13 through 18j19
20aRefundable credits from: Form 2439j20a
bForm 4136j20b
cCredit for tax withheld under chapter 3 or 4 from Form 1042-S, Form 8805, or Form 8288 (attach the applicable form)j20c
zOther (attach statement—see instructions)j20z
21Total credits. Add lines 20a through 20zj21
22aElective payment election amount from Form 3800j22a
bSection 1062 applicable net tax liability. Enter amount from Form 1062, line 14j22b
23Total payments, credits, and section 1062 net tax liability. Add lines 19, 21, 22a, and 22b. Enter here and on page 1, line 33j23
Form 1120 (2025)
Form 1120 (2025)Page 4

Schedule KOther Information (see instructions)

#QuestionYes / No
1Check accounting method: a Cash b Accrual c Other (specify)k1
2See the instructions and enter the: a Business activity code no. b Business activity c Product or servicek2
3Is the corporation a subsidiary in an affiliated group or a parent–subsidiary controlled group?k3
4aDid any foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, trust, or tax-exempt organization own directly 20% or more, or own, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the total voting power of all classes of the corporation’s stock entitled to vote?k4a
4bDid any individual or estate own directly 20% or more, or own, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the total voting power of all classes of the corporation’s stock entitled to vote?k4b
5aOwn directly 20% or more, or own, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the total voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of any foreign or domestic corporation?k5a
5bOwn directly an interest of 20% or more, or own, directly or indirectly, an interest of 50% or more in any foreign or domestic partnership or in the beneficial interest of a trust?k5b
6During this tax year, did the corporation pay dividends (other than stock dividends and distributions in exchange for stock) in excess of the corporation’s current and accumulated earnings and profits?k6
7At any time during this tax year, did one foreign person own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% of the total voting power of all classes of the corporation’s stock entitled to vote or at least 25% of the total value of all classes of the corporation’s stock?k7
8Check this box if the corporation issued publicly offered debt instruments with original issue discountk8
9Enter the amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during this tax yeark9
10Enter the number of shareholders at the end of the tax year (if 100 or fewer)k10
11If the corporation has an NOL for the tax year and is electing to forego the carryback period, check herek11
12Enter the available NOL carryover from prior tax years (do not reduce it by any deduction reported on page 1, line 29a)k12
13Are the corporation’s total receipts (page 1, line 1a, plus lines 4 through 10) for the tax year and its total assets at the end of the tax year less than $250,000?k13
14Is the corporation required to file Schedule UTP (Form 1120), Uncertain Tax Position Statement?k14
15aDid the corporation make any payments that would require it to file Form(s) 1099?k15a
bIf “Yes,” did or will the corporation file required Form(s) 1099?k15b
16During this tax year, did the corporation have an 80%-or-more change in ownership, including a change due to redemption of its own stock?k16
17During or subsequent to this tax year, but before the filing of this return, did the corporation dispose of more than 65% (by value) of its assets in a taxable, non-taxable, or tax deferred transaction?k17
18Did this corporation receive assets in a section 351 transfer in which any of the transferred assets had a fair market basis or fair market value of more than $1 million?k18
19During this corporation’s tax year, did the corporation make any payments that would require it to file Forms 1042 and 1042-S under chapter 3 or chapter 4 of the Code?k19
20Is the corporation operating on a cooperative basis?k20
21During this tax year, did the corporation pay or accrue any interest or royalty for which the deduction is not allowed under section 267A?k21
22Does this corporation have gross receipts of at least $500 million in any of the 3 preceding tax years?k22
23Did the corporation have an election under section 163(j) for any real property trade or business or any farming business in effect during this tax year?k23
24Does the corporation satisfy one or more of the following? If “Yes,” complete and attach Form 8990.k24
25Does the corporation intend to self-certify as a Qualified Opportunity Fund?k25
26Since December 22, 2017, did a foreign corporation directly or indirectly acquire substantially all of the properties held directly or indirectly by the corporation, and was the ownership percentage for purposes of section 7874 greater than 50%?k26
27At any time during this tax year, did the corporation (a) receive a digital asset (as a reward, award, or payment for property or services); or (b) sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of a digital asset (or a financial interest in a digital asset)?k27
28Is the corporation a member of a controlled group?k28
29Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax: (a) Was the corporation an applicable corporation under section 59(k)(1) in any prior tax year? (b) Is the corporation an applicable corporation in the current tax year? (c) Does the corporation meet the safe harbor requirements?k29
30Is the corporation required to file Form 7208 relating to the excise tax on repurchase of corporate stock? (a) Under covered corporation rules? (b) Under applicable foreign corporation rules? (c) Under covered surrogate foreign corporation rules?k30
31Is this a consolidated return with gross receipts or sales of $1 billion or more and a subchapter K basis adjustment of $10 million or more?k31
32Reserved for future usek32
Form 1120 (2025)
Form 1120 (2025)Page 6

Schedule LBalance Sheets per Books

#ItemBeginning of year (a)(b)End of year (c)(d)
Assets
1Cashl1
2aTrade notes and accounts receivablel2a
bLess allowance for bad debtsl2b
3Inventoriesl3
4U.S. government obligationsl4
5Tax-exempt securities (see instructions)l5
6Other current assets (attach statement)l6
7Loans to shareholdersl7
8Mortgage and real estate loansl8
9Other investments (attach statement)l9
10aBuildings and other depreciable assetsl10a
bLess accumulated depreciationl10b
11aDepletable assetsl11a
bLess accumulated depletionl11b
12Land (net of any amortization)l12
13aIntangible assets (amortizable only)l13a
bLess accumulated amortizationl13b
14Other assets (attach statement)l14
15Total assetsl15
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
16Accounts payablel16
17Mortgages, notes, bonds payable in less than 1 yearl17
18Other current liabilities (attach statement)l18
19Loans from shareholdersl19
20Mortgages, notes, bonds payable in 1 year or morel20
21Other liabilities (attach statement)l21
22aCapital stock: a Preferred stockl22a
bCapital stock: b Common stockl22b
23Additional paid-in capitall23
24Retained earnings—Appropriated (attach statement)l24
25Retained earnings—Unappropriatedl25
26Adjustments to shareholders’ equity (attach statement)l26
27Less cost of treasury stockl27
28Total liabilities and shareholders’ equityl28

Schedule M-1Reconciliation of Income (Loss) per Books With Income per Return

1Net income (loss) per booksm1-1
2Federal income tax per booksm1-2
3Excess of capital losses over capital gainsm1-3
4Income subject to tax not recorded on books this year (itemize)m1-4
5Expenses recorded on books this year not deducted on this return (itemize): a Depreciation b Charitable contributions c Travel and entertainmentm1-5
6Add lines 1 through 5m1-6
7Income recorded on books this year not included on this return (itemize): Tax-exempt interest $___m1-7
8Deductions on this return not charged against book income this year (itemize): a Depreciation b Charitable contributionsm1-8
9Add lines 7 and 8m1-9
10Income (page 1, line 28)—line 6 less line 9m1-10

Schedule M-2Analysis of Unappropriated Retained Earnings per Books (Schedule L, Line 25)

1Balance at beginning of yearm2-1
2Net income (loss) per booksm2-2
3Other increases (itemize)m2-3
4Add lines 1, 2, and 3m2-4
5Distributions: a Cash b Stock c Propertym2-5
6Other decreases (itemize)m2-6
7Add lines 5 and 6m2-7
8Balance at end of year (line 4 less line 7)m2-8
Form 1120 (2025)

中国创始人特别注意事项

Form 5472 — 外国持股 25% 以上必须提交

如果你(非美国人)持有公司 25% 以上的股份,每年必须随 Form 1120 一起提交 Form 5472(信息申报表)。即使公司没有收入也必须提交。未提交的罚款从 $25,000 起步,且不封顶。这是中国创始人最容易遗漏、罚款最重的表格之一。

Form 5471 — 控股外国公司必须提交

如果你的美国 C-Corp 持有中国公司(或其他外国公司)10% 以上的股份,需要提交 Form 5471。涉及 Subpart F 和 GILTI 的计算。未提交的罚款 $10,000 起步。

选对 CPA — 不是所有 CPA 都懂国际税务

中国创始人的情况通常涉及国际税务(foreign ownership、CFC、GILTI、tax treaty 等),这些是专业领域。请选择有国际税务经验的 CPA 事务所,而不是只做本地小企业的 CPA。价格会贵一些(通常 $2,000-$5,000+/年),但能避免高额罚款和税务风险。

重要截止日期

4 月 15 日:Form 1120 报税截止日(日历年制)

4/15、6/15、9/15、12/15:季度预估税缴纳截止日

10 月 15 日:延期后的报税截止日(需提前提交 Form 7004)

1 月 31 日:给 contractor 发送 Form 1099-NEC 的截止日

3 月 1 日:Delaware Franchise Tax 缴纳截止日

免责声明:本文仅为教育和信息目的,不构成税务、法律或会计建议。每家公司的税务情况不同,请咨询持牌的 CPA 或税务顾问获取针对你公司具体情况的专业建议。本文内容基于 2025 税年的 Form 1120,税法可能随时变化。

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